Knowledge

1. A state of the intellect or of a bodily sense in which it, in some respect, corresponds to how something in reality, towards which it is directed, is. 2. Cognitively possessing something, either by speculative knowledge articulating reality or practical knowledge measuring the acts and artificing performed by human persons. 3. The intellect or bodily sense being affected by something in reality.  

 

Science (also called Scientific Knowledge, scientia).— 1. Ancient and scholastic usage. Formal certitude about a thing through its causes; formal certitude about a thing that results from demonstration. According to Aristotle, science is “knowing the cause upon which a thing depends as being the cause of that thing and no other, and as being incapable of being otherwise” (Posterior Analytics, I, 2). 2. A discipline that pursues knowledge of some kind. 3. Modern usage. The general term for the family of disciplines, commonly called the “natural sciences,” that studies the material world using experimental methods and that includes physics, chemistry, and biology. 

 

Natural Knowledge.— Knowledge that human beings acquire or can acquire by their natural cognitive powers. 

 

Supernatural Knowledge.— Knowledge that is above our natural powers and can only be acquired by the assistance of divine grace. Although the formality of supernatural knowledge exceeds the light of natural reason, supernatural knowledge necessarily presupposes and elevates the natural cognitive capacities of the rational creature. Supernatural knowledge does not denigrate human cognition. Rather supernatural knowledge transforms created powers of cognition under the light of a higher cognitive light and principles. 

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